Guidelines for Contributions to Antiphon

Volume Nine	Number One	2005

Guidelines for Contributions to Antiphon

CONTENTS

A. Submission of articles
B. Technical standards for all parts of articles (both in text and in footnotes)
     1. Citations
     2. Italic and Roman font for titles, foreign, or liturgical terms
     3. Capitalization / Upper and lower case
            a. Biblical books, names, and terms
            b. Theological, liturgical, and devotional terms
            c. Latin titles
            d. Modern language titles
     4. Authors’ names that have particles or parts
     5. Names of ancient authors
     6. Separation of titles from subtitles
     7. Abbreviations of biblical books
     8. Numbers and punctuation in biblical, classical, and ecclesiastical citations
     9. Citing the Bible in the article’s text
     10. Quotation marks
     11. Translations and parentheses
     12. Dates
C. Footnote structure
     1. Indentation, numbering, spacing, and font
     2. Order of information for books, articles, and essays
            a. Books
            b. Articles in journals
            c. Essays in edited collections
            d. Articles in encyclopedias or dictionaries
     3. Magisterial documents
     4. Liturgical books
     5. Patristic writings in multiple-volume works
     6. Places of publication
     7. Names of publishers
     8. Use of abbreviations in footnotes
            a. Terms such as op. cit., loc. cit., passim, ff., ibid., and idem
            b. Use of p. or pp.
            c. Use of ed. and eds
            d. Use of et al.
            e. Use of cf. and see
     9. Abbreviating inclusive numbers
     10. Unpublished material
     11. Manuscripts
     12. Music
     13. Electronic sources
D. Reviews
     1. Headings
     2. Indentation
     3. Authorship/by-line
     4. Citations
            a. Of the work being reviewed
            b. Of other scholarly works
            c. Of manuscript sources
      E. Editions of manuscript texts
      F. Addresses and Documentation sections of Antiphon

A. Submission of articles

E-mail attachments in Microsoft Word sent to editor@liturgysociety.org or directly to the e-mail accounts of the editors are the most efficient means of submitting articles. Hard copies may also be mailed along with electronic copies on computer disks to Antiphon, P.O. Box 971096, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197-0819. Include a one-sentence byline describing the author in italics at the end of the text.

B. Technical standards for all parts of articles (both in text and in footnotes)

B.1. Citations

As a general rule, all citations must be placed in footnotes rather than in the text. Parenthetical citations, then, should be avoided. Biblical citations are an exception to this rule. They should be placed in parentheses at the end of the sentence within the text. See B.9 below. Citations of common magisterial documents are also a possible exception to this rule. When a document such as Sacrosanctum concilium is frequently cited within an article, it may be cited parenthetically within the text as follows (SC 12). The first instance the document is cited, it must be accompanied with an initial footnote that provides full bibliographical information.

B.2. Italic and Roman fonts for titles, foreign or liturgical terms

Always use italics for published book titles and journal titles. Use italics for words or short phrases of two or three words in languages other than English. The first time each word or phrase is used, provide a translation in parentheses immediately following. For the translation, use Roman letters without quotation marks. This rule admits of two exceptions:

1. Foreign words or phrases that have become part of the English language should not be italicized. Examples include rotunda, prolegomena, a priori. In order to determine if a word has become incorporated into English, consult the most recent version of Webster’s dictionary. If, however, the word is in the English dictionary but in italics, then it need not be defined but should be placed in italics.

2. Liturgical terms are presumably international and therefore are set in Roman, not italics. Examples include Gloria, Te Deum, Shema, Confiteor, Lord’s Prayer, Nunc Dimittis, Nicene Creed, Magnificat.

Do not use italics for emphasis within the text.

B.3. Capitalization / Upper and lower case

B.3.a. Biblical books, names, and terms

Capitalize “Bible” and “Scripture”, but DO NOT capitalize their respective adjectives, “scriptural” and “biblical”.

Capitalize titles of biblical books (Genesis, 1 Kings), divisions of the Bible (Pentateuch, Synoptic Gospels), and sections or parts within books (Passion Narrative, Gradual Psalms, Penitential Psalms).

Always capitalize “Gospel” when the reference is to one of the four canonical Gospels, even when the Gospel in question is specified, as with “Mark’s Gospel.”

When referring to New Testament letters use capitals. Examples:

Epistle / Letter to the Romans

Second Corinthians

These rules admit of two exceptions:

1. The designations “book” (book of Job) and “parable” (parable of the talents) are not capitalized.

2. References to genres of biblical literature or to the psalms in general (as opposed to the book of Psalms) should not be capitalized. Examples include: “these psalms are powerful witnesses to . . .”; “Questions were
raised to the Consilium concerning how many psalms should be in the Office”; “the epistles of the New Testament”; “the apocryphal gospel of Peter”.

B.3.b. Theological, liturgical, and devotional terms

In general, authors should capitalize the designation of liturgical books. Examples:

Roman Missal
Roman Ritual
Gelasian Sacramentary
Pontifical of Mainz

Capitalize theological appellations. Examples: Messiah, Son of God, Third Person of the Trinity, Mediatrix.

Terms denoting biblical and other religious events and religious concepts of major theological importance may be capitalized or not, depending upon the discretion of the author and provided consistency is achieved. Examples:

Creation / creation
Day of Judgment / day of judgment
Nativity of Christ / nativity of Christ
the Exodus / the exodus

All references to feasts, solemnities, memorials, etc. of the Church, however, must be capitalized even when they are also biblical events. Examples:

Baptism of the Lord
Nativity of Mary

Capitalize names or titles referring to the eucharistic rite or the sacrament itself. Examples:

Mass
High Mass
Divine Liturgy
Holy Communion
Liturgy of the Lord’s Supper
Precious Blood
Eucharist
Body and Blood of the Lord
Sacred Species

DO NOT capitalize adjectives referring to the sacrament, such as “eucharistic”.

Non-eucharistic religious services and sacraments are not capitalized. Examples include prime, terce, morning prayer, baptism, confirmation, marriage, holy orders, sacraments, seder, bar mitzvah.

Religious objects are lowercase. Examples include holy water, phylacteries, rosary, sanctuary, stations of the cross, relic of the true cross.

“Church” should be capitalized whenever the author is referring to the Catholic Church in general. However, when a particular edifice is in question, “church” should be written with lowercase.

B.3.c. Latin titles

For all Latin writings (ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary), place all words in italics and capitalize only the first word of the title, proper names, adjectives derived from proper names, and words indicating the Godhead. Examples:

Missale Romanum
Rituale Romanum
De baptismo
De bello Gallico
De glorificatione Trinitatis
De civitate Dei
Summa contra gentiles
Summa theologiae
Biblia Hebraica
Vetus testamentum
Sacrosanctum concilium
Liturgiam authenticam
Ecclesia de Eucharistia
Dies Domini

Note the following special case: Nova Vulgata.

In abbreviations, however, all nouns, verbs, and adjectives in the title are uppercase and placed in Roman rather than italic. Thus Lumen gentium should be abbreviated LG; Presbyterorum ordinis, PO; Musicam sacram,
MusSacr. In such instances the title should be written in full in the first reference, with the abbreviation to be used subsequently placed in brackets immediately following the title and indicated with “henceforth:” as follows: Sacrosanctum concilium [henceforth: SC], 14.

B.3.d. Modern language titles

In Romance language titles, capitalize only the initial word of title and subtitle, along with proper nouns.

In German titles, capitalize the initial word of title and all nouns.

For all other modern languages, consult the current edition of the Chicago Manual of Style.

B.4. Authors’ names that have particles or parts

In referring to an author or other authority by last name in the course of an article or in footnotes where, after the first reference, one uses an author’s last name and short title, a particle in the name of the author or authority should be capitalized in ways consistent with his or her nationality. In cases of doubt the norm established by the Library of Congress listing is to be followed.

Particles separated from last name, as in cases such as Hans Urs von Balthasar, Angelo di Berardino, or Ignace de La Potterie, in texts using only last names become von Balthasar, di Berardino, or de La Potterie. In second footnote references the lowercase particle is omitted: Balthasar, Berardino, La Potterie.

Particles incorporated into the last name are always included and capitalized. Examples include Mary Rose D’Angelo, Willis Peter De Boer, Daniel G. Van Slyke. Both in texts using only last names and in second footnote references these become D’Angelo, De Boer, Van Slyke.

Three part names are also resolved by the Library of Congress listing.

a. Some have multiple parts, such as Robin Lane Fox, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, and Raphael Merry del Val. In texts using only last names and in second and subsequent footnote references these become Lane Fox, Teilhard de Chardin, Schüssler Fiorenza, and Merry del Val.

b. In some cases the surname appears as a “middle” name, as with Adela Yarbro Collins, Dwight Moody Smith. In texts using only last names and in second and subsequent footnote references these become Collins, Smith.

c. In cases of Hispanic names consult the current edition of the Chicago Manual of Style.

B.5. Names of ancient authors

Both in text and in footnotes, use common anglicized versions of the names of ancient authors. Examples include Augustine (instead of Augustinus or Augustin), Jerome (instead of Hieronymus).

In cases where there could be confusion in referencing editions, the version of the author’s name used by the editor may be placed in brackets after the usual anglicized version as follows: Prosper of Aquitaine [Prosperus Tiro].

Use distinguishing terms when they are appropriate for avoiding confusion. Examples:

Augustine of Canterbury
Cyril of Alexandria
Peter the Venerable

B.6. Separation of titles from subtitles

Regardless of the language of the work or the punctuation used on its title page, a colon and one space should be placed between the title and the subtitle in both the text and the footnotes, as in the following: Art of the Fathers: Iconography and Theology in Patristic Writings.

B.7. Abbreviations of biblical books

Use the abbreviations that are specified in the New American Bible without periods: Gn, Ex, Lv, Nm, Dt, Jos, Jgs, Mt, Mk, Lk, Jn, Acts, Rom, etc.

B.8. Numbers and punctuation in biblical, classical, and ecclesiastical citations

Avoid Roman numerals and, unless needed to make a distinction, omit designations such as book, part, chapter, section, or any abbreviation of these. Use periods between chapter, verse, and paragraph numbers. Examples include Pindar, Isthmian Odes 7.43-45; Summa theologiae 1a.2.5 obj. 3; Damascus Document 3.4.

When citing biblical texts, use colons between the chapter and verse numbers. When citing non-continuous verses in the same chapter use commas to separate the verse numbers. Examples: Jn 3:18; 2 Kgs 4:18; Lk 1:12, 18, 22.

The author may choose between the Vulgate numbering and the Masoretic numbering for the book of Psalms, so long as consistency is achieved.

B.9. Citing the Bible in the article’s text

When quoting short biblical passages use quotation marks instead of italics and place the reference in parentheses after the quotation marks are closed and before the period. Example: As Luke indicates, “the kingdom of God is among you” (Lk 17:21). When the wording of the translation is at issue, the source of the citation should be indicated using appropriate abbreviations along with the year of its publication, as in the following example: (Lk 17:21 NAB 1986).

Longer citations from the Bible should be inset in the text. In this case the reference, still in parentheses, follows the period, as in the following example:

Now you son of man, get yourself a brick, place it before you and inscribe a city on it, Jerusalem. Then lay siege against it, build a siege wall, raise up a ramp, pitch camps and place battering rams against it all around. Then get yourself an iron plate and set it up as an iron wall between you and the city, and set your face toward it so that it is under siege, and besiege it. This is a sign to the house of Israel. As for you, lie down on your left side and lay the iniquity of the house of Israel on it; you shall bear their iniquity for the number of days that you lie on it. (Ez 8:1-4)

B.10. Quotation marks

As a general rule, punctuation should be placed before the final quotation mark of quoted material. Example: In Peter’s description of the church community as a building “built of living stones,” we find clues to the means to bring it about.

B.11. Translations and parentheses

Citations of classical and foreign language passages should be translated in the text.

If the citation is short, then the translation or the foreign language word, phrase, or clause may be placed in parentheses within the text.

If the citation is longer, then the passage in its original language should be placed in the corresponding footnote. The source of a longer translation must always be cited, even if it is the author’s own.

The use of parenthetical remarks within the text is discouraged. Parentheses within the text are reserved mainly for short translations, citations of biblical texts (see B.9), citations of common magisterial documents (see B.1), and citations within Book and Music Reviews (see D.4).

B.12. Dates
In the body of the article, write the day first, then the month, and finally the year, as follows: 3 June 1979.

Indicate decades without apostrophes, as follows: 390s, 1990s.

C. Footnote structure

C.1. Indentation, numbering, spacing, and font

Set footnotes in 12 point font, indented 0.2 inches, and numbered consecutively throughout the article with superscripted Arabic numerals. Separate each Arabic numeral from the text of the footnote with one space. Do not skip lines between footnotes.

C.2. Order of information for books, articles, and essays

C.2.a. Books

• author’s name (given middle last)
• comma
• complete title in italics, followed by comma (unless a parenthesis follows immediately)
• volume number (example: vol. 2) followed by comma, if applicable. If the volume has a particular subtitle, it should be added after a comma (see the example below)
• ordinal number of edition (example: 2nd ed.) followed by comma, if applicable
• editors, compilers, translators, if any, with each followed by a comma if there is subsequent information before the parenthesis
• series name and number, if any (example: Fathers of the Church 45)
• open parenthesis
• place of publication (as a general rule, specify the state with the two-letter abbreviation used by the U.S. postal service after the city without punctuation) (also see C.6 below)
• colon
• publisher (see C.7 below)
• comma
• year
• close parenthesis
• page number(s) (see C.9 below for abbreviation system)

Examples:

¹ Andrea Palladio, Four Books of Architecture, trans. Robert Tavenor and Richard Schofield (Cambridge MA: MIT, 1997) 216-17.

² Allan Bouley, From Freedom to Formula: The Evolution of the Eucharistic Prayer from Oral Improvisation to Written Texts (Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1981) 41.

³ Robert Cabié, The Church at Prayer: An Introduction to the Liturgy, vol. 2, The Eucharist, ed. Aimé Georges Martimort et al. (Collegeville MN: Liturgical Press, 1986) 89.

C.2.b. Articles

• author’s name (given middle last)
• comma
• complete title in Roman in quotation marks, with a comma before closing quotations
• name of periodical in italics with no punctuation following
• volume number
• issue number after a period (only for journals that are not continuously paginated. In this case it may be appropriate to designate the season or month or date of publication immediately before the year)
• year of publication in parentheses with no other punctuation
• no punctuation but only a space after the parenthesis
• page number(s) (see C.9 below for abbreviation system)

Examples:

⁴ Geoffrey D. Dunn, “Clement of Rome and the Question of Roman Primacy in the Early African Tradition,” Augustinianum 43 (2003) 1-24.

⁵ Robert Barron, “Beyond Beige Churches: Modernity and Liturgical Architecture,” Antiphon 6.3 (2003) 14.

C.2.c. Essays in edited collections

• author’s name (given middle last)
• comma
• complete title in Roman in quotation marks, with a comma before closing quotations
• “in”
• complete title in italics, followed by comma (unless a parenthesis follows immediately)
• volume number (example: vol. 2) followed by comma, if applicable
• ordinal number of edition (example: 2nd ed.) followed by comma, if applicable
• editors, compilers, translators, if any, with each followed by a comma if there is subsequent information before the parenthesis
• series name and number, if any
• open parenthesis
• place of publication (as a general rule, specify the state with the two-letter abbreviation used by the U.S. postal service after the city without punctuation) (also see C.6 below)
• colon
• publisher (see C.7 below)
• comma
• year
• close parenthesis
• page number(s) (see C.9 below for abbreviation system)

Examples:

⁶ Maxwell E. Johnson, “The Origins of the Anaphoral Use of the Sanctus and Epiclesis Revisited: The Contribution of Gabriele Winkler and Its Implications,” in Crossroad of Cultures: Studies in Liturgy and Patristics in Honor of Gabriele Winkler, ed. Hans-Jürgen Feulner et al. (Rome: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 2000) 405-41.

⁷ Louis Ligier, “L’anaphore de la Tradition apostolique dans le Testamentum Domini,” in The Sacrifice of Praise: Studies on the Themes of Thanksgiving and Redemption in the Central Prayers of the Eucharistic and Baptismal Liturgies in Honour of Arthur Hubert Couratin, ed. Bryan D. Spinks, Bibliotheca Ephemerides Liturgicae Subsidia 19 (Rome: C.L.V., 1981) 95.

C.2.d. Articles in encyclopedias or dictionaries

• author’s name (given middle last)
• comma
• complete title of article or entry in Roman in quotation marks, with a comma before closing quotations
• “in”
• complete title of encyclopedia or dictionary in italics, followed by comma (unless a parenthesis follows immediately)
• volume number (example: vol. 2) if applicable, followed by comma (unless parenthesis follows immediately)
• ordinal number of edition (example: 2nd ed.) if applicable, followed by comma (unless parenthesis follows immediately)
• editors, compilers, translators, if any, with each followed by a comma if there is subsequent information before the parenthesis
• open parenthesis
• place of publication (as a general rule, specify the state with the two-letter abbreviation used by the U.S. postal service after the city without punctuation) (also see C.6 below)
• colon
• publisher (see C.7 below)
• comma
• year
• close parenthesis
• page number(s) (see C.9 below for abbreviation system)

Examples:

⁸ Joseph A. Jungmann, “Liturgy, I. The Liturgies,” in Sacramentum mundi: An Encyclopedia of Theology, vol. 3, ed. Karl Rahner et al. (New York: Herder, 1969) 320-31.

⁹ Beate R. Suchla, “Hippolytus,” in Dictionary of Early Christian Literature, ed. Siegmar Döpp and Wilhelm Geerlings, trans. Matthew O’Connell (New York: Crossroad, 2000) 287-89.

C.3. Magisterial documents [UPDATED]

Most recent translations and editions of magisterial documents divide the text into article (sometimes called “section” or “paragraph”) numbers. Wherever possible, article numbers must be provided for magisterial documents. Unless otherwise specified, numbers appearing without § or p. are assumed to be article numbers.

Depending on when the document was issued and how it was consulted, the manner of citation varies.

If a document was issued in Acta Apostolicae Sedis and has been consulted in Latin in that source, cite it directly. Provide the common article number, followed by the page number. Example:

¹⁰ Pius XII, Encyclical Divino afflante Spiritu (30 September 1943), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 35 (1943) §26, p. 311.

Cite documents not issued in AAS as essays in edited volumes:

¹¹ Council of Trent, Session 7 Canones de sacramentis in genere, in Enchiridion symbolorum, 21st ed., ed. Henricus Denzinger (Friburg: Herder, 1937) §844-56, pp. 300-301.

Follow a similar procedure if the document has been consulted in translation, using article numbers only for more recent works:

¹² Second Vatican Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum concilium, in The Sixteen Documents of Vatican II, ed. Marianne L. Trouvé (Boston: Pauline Books, 1999) 21.

If citing magisterial documents from a serial publication, use the following procedure:

¹³John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Ecclesia de Eucharistia, in Origins 32 (1 May 2003) §41, p. 763.

On occasion, printed editions of a given magisterial document may be unavailable. In such cases cite the author, type of document, title in italics, date of promulgation, and article number, as in the following example:

¹⁴ John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Ecclesia de Eucharistia (17 April 2003) 41.

Unless otherwise indicated (with “p.” or “pp.”), subsequent citations should be to article numbers. Subsequent citations may also be abbreviated, either in the footnotes or parenthetically in the text (see B.1 above), as follows: SC 21; EE 19.

C.4. Liturgical books

Cite prayers from the Missale Romanum in a manner that proceeds from the particular to the general, as follows:

¹⁵ Post communionem, Dominica VII per annum, in Missale Romanum (Vatican City: Vatican Press, 2002) p. 457.

In subsequent citations:

¹⁶ Post communionem, Dominica VII per annum (MR 2002, p. 457).

When citing from other liturgical books, use the following patterns:

¹⁷ Liturgia horarum, iuxta ritum Romanum, vol. 1, editio typica altera (Vatican City: Vatican Press, 1985)

¹⁸ Martyrologium Romanum, editio typica (Vatican City: Vatican Press, 2001) pp. 504-6.

¹⁹ Secreta, Feria VII ebdoma<da> II, in Liber sacramentorum Romanae aeclesiae ordinis anni circuli (Sacramentarium Gelasianum), ed. Leo Cunibert Mohlberg et al., Rerum Ecclesiasticarum Documenta series maior, fontes 4 (Rome: Herder, 1981) §190, p. 32.

Citations from other liturgical books may follow patterns similar to the example below, wherein the final number refers to a section, not a page:

²⁰ De benedictionibus, editio typica (Vatican City: Vatican Press, 1984, reprint 1993) 16.

C.5. Patristic writings in multiple-volume works

• author (when known)
• comma
• title of the work in italics
• relevant numerical reference separated by periods (books, chapter, verse, etc.). Roman numerals may be used to indicate book numbers, so long as consistency is achieved
• open parenthesis
• series in which the critical edition is found referred to with the common abbreviation, followed by a space
• volume number
• colon (no space)
• page number(s)
• close parenthesis

Examples:

²¹ Tertullian, De spectaculis VIII.1 (SC 332:155-57).

²²Quodvultdeus, De symbolo I I.5 (CSEL 60:305).

If the critical edition is not part of a standard series, provide full bibliographical reference in the first citation according to the pattern of essays in edited collections (C.2.c. above), with subsequent citations providing the editor’s last name in parentheses followed by a comma instead of the abbreviated series title followed by a colon.

If you desire to abbreviate the title of the work in subsequent citations, then indicate the abbreviation that will be used within brackets alongside the full title in the first citation with the indication “henceforth:” as in the following:

²³Augustine, Contra Julianum pelagianum [henceforth: Con. Jul.] V.15.57 (PL 44:815).

If a work in translation is cited, that translation must be referenced in full following a comma placed after the citation of the edition. In subsequent citations, the author of the translation, with appropriate page number, should be placed following a comma after the citation of the edition. Examples:

²⁴ Salvian, De gubernatione Dei VI.6 (CSEL 8:133), trans. Jeremiah F. O’Sullivan, The Writings of Salvian the Presbyter, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation 3 (New York: Cima, 1947) 161.

As a subsequent citation, this would be:

²⁵ Salvian, De gubernatione Dei VI.6 (CSEL 8:133), trans. O’Sullivan, 161.

C.6. Places of publication

Translate the place of publication. Thus Lutetiae becomes Paris, Roma becomes Rome, Wien becomes Vienna, Città del Vaticano becomes Vatican City.

C.7. Names of publishers

Omit the words “press” or “company” as well as the publisher’s given name (e.g., Herder, SPCK), unless the publisher is a university or the publisher’s name is an adjective or possessive noun (e.g. Liturgical Press, Free Press, Scholars’ Press, Catholic University of America Press, Vatican Press).

C.8. Use of abbreviations in footnotes

C.8.a. Terms such as op. cit., loc. cit., passim, ff., ibid., and idem

Do not use ff. and passim. Page numbers should be listed inclusively (e.g., 25-35 not 25 passim, not 25 ff.)

Do not use op cit or loc cit. In footnotes following the initial reference of a source use only the last name of the author(s) and a short title. Hence the following:

²⁶ Florentino García Martinez and Julio Trebolle Barrera, Los hombres de Qumrán: Literatura estructura social y concepiones religiosas (Madrid: Trotta, 1993) 32-33.

²⁷ Emmanuelle Main, “Les Sadducéens selon Josèphe,” Revue biblique 97 (1990) 48-60.

In subsequent citations, this would be:

²⁸ García Martinez and Trebolle Barrera, Hombres de Qumran, 34.

²⁹ Main, “Sadducéens,” 52.

Ibid. (with period) in Roman typeface should be used only when the work to which it refers is the only work cited in the immediately preceding footnote. Ibid. is capitalized only when it begins a sentence or footnote. Idem (without period) in Roman typeface should be used only within one footnote to replace the name of an author when two or more successive references share the same author. Idem is capitalized only when it begins a sentence or footnote.

C.8.b. Use of p. or pp.

These abbreviations should be avoided unless they are absolutely necessary in order to prevent confusion, references to magisterial documents and liturgical books excepted (see C.3 and C.4 above).

C.8.c Use of ed. and eds

The abbreviation ed. is used to mean three things: “editor”, “edition”, and “edited by”. For “editors” use eds.

When preceding the names of editors, ed. means “edited by” and so is never plural in form.

C.8.d. Use of et al.

If a work has more than two authors or editors, then the name of only the first-listed author or editor may be provided, followed by a space and “et al.”

C.8.e. Use of cf. and see

Authors should take care not to misuse cf., which means confer or compare. It must be distinguished from “see.” Both are placed in Roman typeface and capitalized only when they begin a footnote or sentence.

C.9. Abbreviating inclusive numbers

• If the first number is less than 100, then all digits must be used in the second number, as follows: 7-11, 55-70.
• If the first number is 100 or a multiple of 100, then all digits must be supplied in the second number, as follows: 100-117, 300-301, 1000-1037.
• If the first number is 101 through 109, or any multiple thereof, then the second number supplies only the changed part, omitting unnecessary zeros, as follows: 101-2, 409-11, 2003-4.
• If the first number is 110 through 199, or any multiple thereof, then two digits or more as needed are supplied in the second number, as follows: 110-11, 543-44, 1299-300, 2241-42.

Inclusive Roman numerals are given in full, as follows: xvii-xviii, clxiclxii.

C.10. Unpublished material

Cite dissertations as follows:

³⁰ Ann Williams, “Ritual Studies: The Nature of the Field” (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1993) 23.

Cite conference papers as follows:

³¹ Joseph Alt, “The Benedictine Tradition in the 19th Century” (paper presented at the 2nd annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Monasticism, Milan, February 2000).

C.11. Manuscripts

Following internationally accepted norms, the citation of a manuscript source indicates first the city, then the collection or library’s institutional name, then the relevant sub-collection or fondo, followed by the shelf mark. Within this general scheme there is still a great variety in each collection’s manner of indicating shelf marks, and these local guidelines should be followed to the extent that they are known.

Some articles will have the manuscript sources of the liturgy as their special focus, and these articles may need to cite particular texts from the various manuscripts under analysis. Citation of such texts is to be done in the first instance by listing the full citation of the manuscript’s location, repository and shelf mark followed by the folio number or numbers after the abbreviation “f.” for one folio page or “ff.” for more than one. Use “r.” to indicate the recto side of a folio, and “v.” to indicate the verso side. Examples follow:

³² Paris, BNF, ms. lat. 52, f. 5r.

³³ London, BL, Add. ms. 30844, f. 12v.

³⁴ Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, Aemilianensis ms. 18, ff. 299v.- 310r.

Subsequent references to texts from the same manuscript should employ an abbreviated citation including the repository or fondo and the shelf mark. Standard abbreviations of major repositories are appropriate. Examples follow:

³⁵ BNF, ms. lat. 52, ff. 5r.-10v.
³⁶ RAH, Aemil. ms. 18, ff. 299v., 301r., 303v. and 309v.

When discussing at length the text of a single manuscript, folio numbers may be given in parentheses without citing the manuscript’s location, repository, or shelf mark, provide the reference is clear, as follows: (ff. 5r.- 10v.) or (f. 23v.).